Corn residue is one of the most cost-efficient feed resources available for livestock owners to graze, offering valuable winter feed. Despite its wide use, there can still be hesitation by landowners to allow cattle on crop ground out of a fear they will hurt the subsequent yield. Research from the University of Nebraska-Lincoln demonstrates that with correct stocking rates, residue grazing provides several soil and crop benefits and minimal downsides.
Contrary to concerns, studies show that grazing residue does not significantly harm soil properties, especially when done within recommended stocking densities. UNL research evaluated both fall and spring grazing impacts on compaction, showing that while there was a slight increase in soil resistance in certain high-density spring grazing setups, overall soil health metrics such as water infiltration and compaction remained within acceptable levels.
Grazing corn residue can also enhance microbial activity in the soil. Microbes play a vital role in nutrient cycling, breaking down organic matter and converting it into forms that plants can absorb. Grazing cattle return nutrients to the soil via manure, adding nitrogen, phosphorus, and other essential minerals, enhancing the nutrient profile available for subsequent crops like soybeans or corn. UNL studies have shown that these microbial benefits are seen without
adverse effects on soil organic matter, even over multiple years of grazing.
A final key takeaway from the UNL research is that corn residue grazing has a positive or neutral effect on crop yields. In a controlled grazing study,
soybeans planted after grazed corn residue fields maintained, or even increased yields compared to non-grazed fields, showing that grazing can serve as a complementary practice for residue management. Compared to mechanical stover removal, grazing reduces leftover residue without nutrient removal.
All five studies reviewed showed the importance of stocking rate and grazing timing to maximize residue benefits while minimizing any potential downsides. Using lower stocking densities can help prevent soil compaction issues while taking advantage of available forage, especially during colder months when the soil is frozen. Even studies using spring grazing showed benefits but may require a bit more management regarding density and timing to ensure soil resilience for the following planting season.
For producers, utilizing corn residue as a feed resource aligns well with sustainable practices, provides an economical feed source, and contributes positively to soil health, all with minimal impact. In fact, some studies saw yield increases. By adopting a managed residue grazing practice, producers can make the most of their land resources without compromising crop productivity or long-term soil health.
